Are Preexisting Retinal and Central Nervous System-Related Comorbidities Risk Factors for Complications Following Robotic-Assisted Laparoscopic Prostatectomy?

ABSTRACTPurpose:To assess whether retinal and central nervous system (CNS) comorbidities are risk factors for complications following robotic assisted laparoscopic prostatectomy (RALP).Materials and Methods:A retrospective review of our RALP database identified 1868 patients who underwent RALP by a single surgeon between December 10, 2003-March 14, 2014. We hypothesized that patients with preexisting retinal or CNS comorbidities were at a greater risk of suffering retinal and CNS complications following RALP. Perioperative complications and risk of recurrence were graded using the Clavien and D'Amico systems, respectively.Results:40 (2.1%) patients had retinal or CNS-related comorbidities, of which 15 had a history of retinal surgery and 24 had a history of cerebrovascular accident, aneurysm and/or neurosurgery. One additional patient had a history of both retinal and CNS events.Patients with retinal or CNS comorbidities were significantly older, had elevated PSA levels and CCI (Charlson Comorbidity Index) scores than the control group. Blood loss, length of stay, surgical duration, BMI, diagnostic Gleason score and T-stage were not statistically different between groups.No retinal or CNS complications occurred in either group. The distribution of patients between D'Amico risk categories was not statistically different between the groups. There was also no difference in the incidence of total complications between the groups.Conclusions:RALP-associated retinal and CNS complications are rare. While our RALP database is large, the cohort of patients with retinal or CNS-related comorbidities was relatively small. Our dataset suggests retinal and CNS pathology presents no greater risk of suffering from perioperative complications following RALP.

Neural complications and physical disabilities in leprosy in a capital of northeastern Brazil with high endemicity / Complicações neurais e incapacidades em hanseníase em capital do nordeste brasileiro com alta endemicidade

INTRODUCTION: Leprosy is an infectious disease whose etiologic agent is Mycobacterium leprae, manifested by dermatological and neurological signs and symptoms. OBJECTIVE: To investigate neural changes and the degree of physical disability in the eyes, hands and feet before and after treatment, as well as sociodemographic and clinical profile of patients affected by leprosy. METHOD: A longitudinal epidemiological study comprising 155 patients with leprosy, from a spontaneous demand, diagnosed between March 2010 and February 2011, and treated with multidrug therapy (MDT) between March 2010 and July 2012 in a program for leprosy eradication in São Luis (MA), Brazil. RESULTS: Before treatment, 46.5% of patients were considered as borderline, 51.6% had some alteration in the eyes and 52.3% in the feet, and the radial nerve (18.7%) was the most affected. There was a statistically significant difference between the changes in the radial nerve at the beginning of and after treatment. CONCLUSIONS: The analysis points to late diagnosis, as some patients have had abnormal neural and physical disabilities before treatment. .

INTRODUÇÃO: A hanseníase é uma doença infectocontagiosa cujo agente etiológico é o Mycobacterium leprae, que se manifesta por sinais e sintomas dermatoneurológicos. OBJETIVO: investigar as complicações neurais e o grau de incapacidades físicas nos olhos, mãos e pés antes e após o tratamento, bem como o perfil sociodemográfico e clínico dos pacientes acometidos pela hanseníase. MÉTODO: Estudo epidemiológico do tipo longitudinal constituído por 155 pacientes com hanseníase, a partir da demanda espontânea, diagnosticados no período de março de 2010 a fevereiro de 2011 e tratados com poliquimioterapia (PQT) entre março de 2010 a julho de 2012, em um programa de eliminação da hanseníase, no município de São Luís (MA). RESULTADOS: Antes do tratamento, 46,5% dos pacientes apresentaram forma dimorfa, 51,6% possuíam alguma alteração nos olhos e 52,3% nos pés, sendo o nervo radial (18,7%) o mais acometido. Houve diferença estatisticamente significante entre as complicações do nervo radial no inicio e após o tratamento. CONCLUSÕES: Evidenciou-se a presença do diagnóstico tardio, posto que alguns pacientes já apresentavam complicações neurais e incapacidades físicas antes do tratamento. .

Bullous pemphigoid and comorbidities: a case-control study in Portuguese patients

BACKGROUND: aAlthough rare, bullous pemphigoid (BP) is the most common autoimmune blistering disease. Recent studies have shown that patients with bullous pemphigoid are more likely to have neurological and psychiatric diseases, particularly prior to the diagnosis of bullous pemphigoid. OBJECTIVE: The aims were: (i) to evaluate the demographic and clinical features of bullous pemphigoid from a database of patients at a Portuguese university hospital and (ii) to compare the prevalence of comorbid conditions before the diagnosis of bullous pemphigoid with a control group. METHODS: Seventy-seven patients with bullous pemphigoid were enrolled in the study. They were compared with 176 age- and gender-matched controls, which also had the same inpatient to outpatient ratio, but no history of bullous or cutaneous malignant disease. Univariate and multivariate analyses were used to calculate odds ratios for specific comorbid diseases. RESULTS: At least one neurologic diagnosis was present in 55.8% of BP patients compared with 20.5% controls (p<0.001). Comparing cases to controls, stroke was seen in 35.1 vs. 6.8%, OR 8.10 (3.80-17.25); dementia in 37.7 vs. 11.9%, OR 5.25 (2.71-10.16); and Parkinson's disease in 5.2 vs. 1.1%, OR 4.91 (0.88-27.44). Using multivariate analysis, all diseases except Parkinson's retained their association with BP. Patients under systemic treatment were eight times more likely to have complications than those treated with topical steroids (p< 0.017). CONCLUSIONS: The results of this study substantiate the association between BP and neurological diseases. In addition, they highlight the potential complications associated with the treatment of BP. .

Neuroinfection survey at a neurological ward in a Brazilian tertiary teaching hospital

OBJECTIVES: This study was undertaken to characterize the neuroinfection profile in a tertiary neurological ward. INTRODUCTION: Neuroinfection is a worldwide concern and bacterial meningitis, tetanus and cerebral malaria have been reported as the commonest causes in developing countries. METHODS: From 1999 to 2007, all patients admitted to the Neurology Ward of Hospital das Clínicas, São Paulo University School of Medicine because of neuroinfection had their medical records reviewed. Age, gender, immunological status, neurological syndrome at presentation, infectious agent and clinical outcome were recorded. RESULTS: Three hundred and seventy four cases of neuroinfectious diseases accounted for 4.2 percent of ward admissions and the identification of infectious agent was successful in 81 percent of cases. Mean age was 40.5 + 13.4 years, 63.8 percent were male, 19.7 percent were immunocompromised patients and meningoencephalitis was the most common clinical presentation despite infectious agent. Viruses and bacteria were equally responsible for 29.4 percent of neuroinfectious diseases; parasitic, fungal and prion infections accounted for 28 percent, 9.6 percent and 3.5 percent respectively. Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), herpes simplex virus 1 (HSV1), Mycobacterium tuberculosis, Treponema pallidum, Taenia solium, Schistosoma mansoni, Cryptococcus neoformans and Histoplasma capsulatum were the more common infectious pathogens in the patients. Infection mortality rate was 14.2 percent, of which 62.3 percent occurred in immunocompetent patients. CONCLUSION: Our institution appeared to share some results with developed and developing countries. Comparison with literature may be considered as quality control to health assistance.

HIV seroprevalence among hospital inpatients with neuropsychiatry and other central nervous system disorders / Seroprevalencia del VIH entre pacientes hospitalizados con trastornos neuropsiquiátricos, y otros desórdenes del sistema nervioso central

OBJECTIVE: To determine the seroprevalence of HIV among inpatients with neuropsychiatric and other central nervous system (CNS) disorders at the University Hospital of the West Indies (UHWI). METHODS: Sera and data of hospital inpatients with disorders of the CNS were prospectively investigated and reviewed at the Virology Laboratory, UHWI, over the period January 1 to December 31, 2007. The study population included inpatients with a principal diagnosis of a neuropsychiatric or other CNS disorder and for whom a serological analysis for HIV had been requested. The CNS disorders were categorized as follows: neuropsychiatric disorder (eg schizophrenia), CNS infection (eg viral, bacterial), motor and psychogenic dysfunction not included in other categories (eg seizures), gross structural brain lesion (eg tumours) and other. HIV prevalence rates were calculated and compared according to age, gender and diagnostic category. RESULTS: Eighty-two patients were included. Sixty-one per cent were males and 39% females. The mean age in years (± SD) was 37.6 (± 16.3). There were significant differences in prevalence rates according to diagnostic category (p = 0.026). All of the patients with psychiatric disorders (n = 40) were HIV-negative and 25% (3 out of 12) of patients with CNS infection were HIV-positive. There were no statistically significant associations demonstrated between HIV and age or gender (p > 0.05). CONCLUSION: Clinicians should have a high index of suspicion for HIV infection when faced with patients with CNS infection. Further research is needed to clearly identify the reasons for the comparatively low prevalence of HIV among the psychiatric patients included in this study.

OBJETIVO: Determinar la seroprevalencia de VIH entre pacientes hospitalizados con trastornos neuropsiquiátricos, y otros desórdenes del sistema nervioso central (SNC) en el Hospital Universitario de West Indies (UHWI). MÉTODOS: Los sueros y datos de los pacientes hospitalizados con desórdenes del SNC, fueron investigados y analizados en el Laboratorio de Virologia, UHWI, durante el período comprendido entre el 1ero. de enero al 31 de diciembre de 2007. Lapoblación del estudio incluyópacientes hospitalizados con un diagnóstico principal de trastorno neuropsiquiátrico u otros desórdenes del SNC. A estos pacientes se les habia ordenado un análisis serológico de VIH. Los trastornos del SNC se categorizaron como sigue: trastornos neuropsiquiátricos (p.ej. esquizofrenia), infecciones del SNC (p.ej. virales, bacterianas), disfuncionespsicogénicas y motoras no incluidas en otras categorias (p.ej. ataques), lesiones cerebrales estructurales severas (p.ej. tumores), y otros. Las tasas deprevalencia de VIH fueron calculadas y comparadas de acuerdo con la edad, el género y la categoria de diagnóstico. RESULTADOS: Se incluyeron ochenta y dos pacientes. El sesenta y uno por ciento eran varones y el 39% hembras. La edadpromedio en años (± SD) fue 37.6 (± 16.3). Hubo diferencias significativas en las tasas deprevalencia según la categoria de diagnóstico (p = 0.026). Todos los pacientes con trastornos psiquiátricos (n = 40) fueron VIH negativos y 25% (3 de 12) de los pacientes con infección del SNC fueron VIH positivos. Sin embargo, no se presentaron asociaciones estadisticamente significativas entre el VIHy la edad o el género (p > 0.05). CONCLUSIÓN: Los clínicos deben tener un indice alto de sospecha de infección de VIH frente a los pacientes con infección del SNC. Se requieren más investigaciones a fin de identificar claramente las razones para una prevalencia comparativamenteincluidos en este estudio.

Interfase neurología-psiquiatría en pacientes hospitalizados por patologías del sistema nervioso central / Neurology-psychiatry interface in central nervous system diseases

Objetivo: Las enfermedades cerebrales condicionan con frecuencia alteraciones mentales y conductuales. Para analizar el área de interfase entre la neurología y la psiquiatría, analizamos todas las interconsultas neuropsiquiátricas realizadas en los servicios de Neurología, Neurocirugía, Terapia Intensiva Neurológica y Urgencias Neurológicas, en el Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugía de México (2007-2009). Resultados: En 506 casos, la edad promedio fue 44.24 años (DE 17 años); 240 fueron mujeres (47.4 %). Las patologías neurológicas que generaron más interconsultas fueron neoplasias del sistema nervioso central (14.2 %), encefalitis viral (8.7 %), enfermedad vascular cerebral isquémica (7.1 %), epilepsia (6.5 %) y enfermedad vascular cerebral hemorrágica (4.7 %). Los trastornos mentales más frecuentes (de acuerdo con el DSM-IV) fueron delirium (38.5 %), trastorno depresivo (15 %), demencia (7.7 %), deterioro cognoscitivo, sin criterios de demencia (6.5 %), trastorno de ansiedad (6.9 %). El delirium fue la condición neuropsiquiátrica más frecuente independientemente de las categorías etiológicas. En las infecciones cerebrales hubo mayor frecuencia del síndrome catatónico (p < 0.001). En pacientes con enfermedad vascular cerebral se manifiesta más frecuentemente la risa y el llanto patológico (p = 0.012). Conclusiones: Este estudio muestra la relevancia clínica del delirium, la depresión, la ansiedad, la demencia, los síndromes frontales y la catatonia en pacientes hospitalizados con enfermedades neurológicas y psiquiátricas.

OBJECTIVE: Brain pathologies are frequent sources of mental and behavioral disorders. In order to analyze the boundary between neurology and psychiatry, we analyzed all neuropsychiatric consultations seen at the inpatient Neurology, Neurosurgery, Critical Medicine and Neurological Emergencies clinics of the National Institute of Neurology and Neurosurgery of Mexico between 2007 and 2009. RESULTS: A total of 506 neuropsychiatric visits were included, patient mean age was 44.2 years (SD 17 years) 240 patients were female (47.4%). The main neurological disorders for which patients sought medical care at the neuropsychiatry service, were: brain tumors (14.2%), viral encephalitis (8.7%), ischaemic cerebrovascular disorders (7.1%), epilepsy (6.5%) and haemorragic cerebrovascular disorders (4.7%). The most common DSM-IV psychiatric diagnoses included: delirium (38.5%), depressive disorders (15%), dementia (7.7%), cognitive decline, without fulfilling criteria for dementia (6.5%), and anxiety disorders (6.9%). Delirium was the most common neuropsychiatric condition among the etiological groups. Catatonic syndrome was more frequent among patients with brain infections (p < 0.001), and pathological laughter and crying were more frequent among atients with cerebrovascular disorders (p = 0.012). CONCLUSIONS: Our study highlights the clinical relevance of delirium, depression, anxiety, dementia, frontal syndromes and catatonia among neurologic and neurosurgical in-patients attending a tertiary care reference center in Mexico.

Spectrum of Intracranial Parenchymal Lesions in Patients with Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection in the Republic of Korea

The incidence of specific intracranial parenchymal lesions of HIV-infected patients varies considerably between countries. In the Republic of Korea, the number of HIV-infected patients is increasing, but little is known regarding the spectrum of intracranial parenchymal lesions in these patients. The aim of the present study was to obtain this information. To identify HIV patients with intracranial parenchymal lesions, the electronic database of radiological reports for 1,167 HIV-infected patients, seen from 1999 to 2008 at the Seoul National University Hospital, were reviewed. Neuroradiologic studies were performed on 165 of these patients, and intracranial parenchymal lesions were detected in 40 (3.4%) of them. Thirty-seven were male, and median age was 41 yr (range, 26-61). At the time of the diagnosis of intracranial parenchymal lesions, median CD4+ lymphocyte count was 40 cells/microL (range 5-560) and in 33 (82.5%) patients, it was less than 200 cells/microL. Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (12 patients) is the most frequent intracranial parenchymal lesions, followed by intracranial tuberculoma (7 patients), primary central nervous system lymphoma (7 patients), intracranial cryptococcoma (4 patients), Toxoplasma encephalitis (4 patients), and disseminated non-tuberculous mycobacterial infection (3 patients).

Funciones superiores en pacientes con accidente cerebro vascular / Superior functions in patients with cerebrovascular accidents

Los estudios realizados en Chile hasta la fecha no permiten detectar de manera significativa el deterioro neuropsicológico causado por el accidente cerebro vascular (ACV) y el impacto que éste tiene en el paciente a nivel de su desenvolvimiento diario y familiar. Con base a esto el objetivo de esta investigación fue elaborar un perfil de deterioro neuropsicológico de las diversas funciones cerebrales superiores causado por un ACV, en un grupo de 50 pacientes de la Unidad de Medicina Física del Hospital San José al cuál se le administró un Protocolo de Evaluación Neuropsicológica, comparándose luego con un grupo control de 50 sujetos evaluados con el mismo protocolo. Se encuentra que sobre un 20 por ciento de la población con ACV evaluada presenta deterioro en al menos uno de los ítems evaluados, siendo las funciones ejecutivas, la memoria a largo plazo y la memoria a corto plazo las áreas mayoritariamente afectada en la población evaluada.

The studies in Chile do not allow to detect of significant way the neuropsychological damage caused by the stroke and the impact that this one has in the patient at level of its daily and familiar unfolding. The aim of this research was to elaborate a neuropsychological profile of damage of the diverse superior cerebral functions caused by a stroke. The sample was 50 patients of the Physical Medicine Department from the San José. They was evaluated with a Protocol of Neuropsychological evaluation, comparing itself soon with a group control of 50 subjects evaluated with the same protocol. 20 percent of the evaluated population with stroke displays damage in at least one of the evaluated items, being the executive functions, the long term memory and the short term memory the areas mainly affected in the evaluated population.

Complicaciones neurológicas en pacientes adultos sometidos a trasplante hepático ortotópico: experiencia de un centro universitario / Neurological complications following a liver transplantation: experience from a Chilean center

Background: Orthotopic liver transplantation (OLT) is the treatment of choice for multiple acute and chronic end-stage liver diseases as well as for selected cases of liver malignancy and ¡iver-site metabolic disorders. Neurological impairment is a major source of morbidity and moñality following OLT. Aim: To describe the incidence and the type of neurological complications occurring in the post-operative period of OLT in patients transplanted in our hospital. Material and methods: Between March 1994 and August 2007, 76 adult patients underwent OLT. Data on incidence, time of onset, and outcome of central nervous system (CNS) complications have been obtained from our program data base and patient charts. Results: Twenty three patients (30.3 percent) had CNS complications following OLT. The leading complications were immunosuppressive drug-related neurological impairment in nine patients (39.1 percent), peripheral nerve damage in five patients (21.7 percent), central pontine myelinolysis in four patients (17.4 percent), cerebrovascular disease in three (13 percent) and CNS infection in three (13 percent). Most CNS events (90 percent) occurred in the first 2 weeks after OLT. Five patients with neurological complications died (22 percent). Conclusions: CNS complications occurred in almost one fifth of the population studied, and they had a poor outcome, as previously reported).

Morbilidad en el Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugía "Manuel Velasco Suárez" 1995-2001

La estadística hospitalaria es una herramienta que brinda apoyo a directivos, residentes e investigadores para conocer la demanda de atención médica en cada hospital o Instituto de Salud. Objetivo: identificar las principales causas de morbilidad hospitalaria del Instituto Nacional de Neurología Neurocirugía Manuel Velasco Suárez (INNN-MVS) ocurridas en el período 1995-2001. Material y métodos: análisis retrospectivo de egresos ocurridos de 1995 a 2001 de la base de datos de morbilidad y mortalidad del INNN-MVS; se calcularon tasas específicas de morbilidad por 100 egresos y tendencias. Resultados: las principales causas de morbilidad fueron tumores cerebrales, esquizofrenia, neurocisticercosis y evento vascular cerebral. Se encontró una tendencia hacia la disminución con los años estadísticamente significativa en esquizofrenia y hemorragias intracraneales no traumáticas en el sexo masculino y para el sexo femenino, una tendencia hacia el aumento en tumores benignos de las meninges. Los grupos de edad más atendidos por las principales causas de morbilidad fueron los menores de 51 años. Conclusiones: el presente no es un estudio poblacional, pero permite acercarnos a conocer las principales demandas de atención de uno de los Institutos neurológicos más grandes del mundo, que atiende a población abierta y derechohabiente de todo el país. Esto contribuye a clarificar el panorama para determinar necesidades de atención médica neurológica.

Hospital statistics are very important as tools that help to define research objectives and design health programs. Objective: to determine the main causes of hospital morbility at the Manuel Velasco Suárez National Institute of Neurology and Neurosurgery (MVS-NINN) between 1995 and 2001. Material and Methods: data were taken from the electronic database of morbidity and mortality of MVS-NINN. All out-patient records between 1995 and 2001 were considered. We calculated trends and specific rates of morbidity per 100 discharged patients. Results: the main causes of morbility were brain tumors, schizophrenic illness, neurocysticercosis, and stroke. We found a statistically significant declining time-trend of schizophrenic illness and in non-traumatic brain hemorrhage in males. In the case of females, we observed an increasing time-trend of benign meningeal tumors. The age groups more affected in both genders were those < 51 years of age. Conclusions: This study is not a population study, but it helps to increase knowledge of the main causes of hospitalization at one of the most important neurologic institutions in the world, which provides care for thinsured population throughout Mexico. These findings facilitate analysis and decision-making to undertake specificactions to improve the quality of neurologic medical attention.

A neuropatologia no período neonatal: análise de 1616 casos de necropsia / The neuropathology of neonatal period: analysis of 1616 autopsies

As lesöes do sistema nervoso central, resultantes da vulnerabilidade do encéfalo às condiçöes adversas durante a gestaçäo e após o nascimento, representam uma importante causa de morbimortalidade no período neonatal. Este estudo visa analisar a prevalência e os padröes das lesöes neuropatológicas em neomortos do Hospital de Clínicas de Curitiba. Utilizou-se como fonte de dados o Banco de Necropsia da Unidade de Patologia Perinatal e Pediátrica do Hospital de Clínicas da Universidade Federal do Paraná - Curitiba, que registra 5743 necropsias realizadas entre os anos de 1960 e 1995. Foram selecionados 2049 casos correspondentes aos laudos de necropsia dos neomortos, os quais foram classificados segundo a faixa etária e o padräo de lesäo neuropatológica. Caracterizou-se lesäo neuropatológica em 1616 casos (78,87 por cento), observando-se maior prevalência das hemorragias intracranianas (73,39 por cento), malformaçöes congênitas (4,27 por cento) e infecçöes (3,59 por cento). As hemorragias hipóxicas representaram a lesäo neuropatológica mais freqüente entre os neomortos, especialmente entre os prematuros. Houve diferença na prevalência quanto ao gênero apenas nas malformaçöes, que foram mais comuns no sexo feminino

Falls in elderly.

Falls are common in elderly. They cause morbidily, mortality and financial hardship. They can be prevented with minimum cost. All steps should be taken. Remove the cause or causes as far as it is possible in the environment.

Neurocysticercosis in Paraiba, Northeast Brazil: an endemic area?

Neurocysticercosis is the central nervous system infestation by Cysticercus cellulosae, the larval form of Taenia solium. It is related to poor hygiene habits and sanitation; although Northeast is poorest Region of Brazil, it has been always stated as a non-endemic area. After the installation of computed tomography (CT) service, the incidence of neurocysticercosis began to raise in neurology services in Campina Grande PB, a city where people from the interior Paraíba can find specialized medical facilities. We analyse 5,883 CT record of the TomoHPI Computed Tomography Service from August 1993 to December 1995, observing 1.02 per cent suggestive neurocysticercosis cases and classified them according to sex and age, procedence and socioeconomic condition. Distribution of cases according to age is homogeneous until the age of 50 (mean: 28.36 years old). Men and women are equally affected. Urban areas inhabitants represented 83.33 per cent. Residents of Campina Grande represented 48.33 per cent and 48.34 per cent were residents of cities around Campina Grande (until 50 Km around) and other cities of Paraíba State. Fifty-eight patients were dependent to public health care system. We conclude that neurocysticercosis seems to be endemic in Paraíba State, demanding a more detailed study to determine its incidence/prevalence.

Cysticercosis of the central nervous system and cerebrospinal fluid: immunodiagnosis of 1573 patients in 63 years (1929-1992)

A atençäo dada à profilaxia da neurocisticercose (NC) encontra-se aquém do mínimo necessário em várias regiöes do terceiro mundo, motivo pelo qual nelas a incidência da doença continua alta. Esta investigaçäofoi feita para mostrar a importância do problema pela análise da incidência da NC em uma regiäo do Brasil (Säo Paulo). Para tanto foram considerados os dados de um laboratório de neurodiagnóstico em que o imunodiagnóstico de NC é baseado na detecçäo de anticorpos a Cysticereus cellulosae no líquido cefalorraqueano (LCR). Os casos estudados no período de 63 anos (1929-1992) säo revistos. O número de casos nesse período foi 139.000, o diagnóstico sendo NC em 1.573 deles (1,13//). Näo foram encontradas características especiais de prevalência para cor e idade. A prevalência quanto a faixa etária se encontra entre 21 e 40 anos de idade (55,3//), sendo maior para mulheres entre 21 e 30 anos de idade e, para homens entre 31 e 40. A distribuiçäo dos casos em 5 décadas consecutivas (1942-1991) näo mostra tendência a decréscimo: a incidência média foi 1// para os 50 anos, encontrando-se acima da média a incidência nas 3 últimas décadas. Esses dados confirmam que a incidência se mantém expressivamente alta nos 50 anos abrangidos pelo estudo

Estudo retrospectivos terapêutico da neurocriptococose em 112 aidéticos ou näo / A retrospective therapeutic study of neurocryptococcosis in 112 AIDS and non-AIDS patients

Cento e doze aidéticos ou näo com neurocriptococose, admitidos no Hospital Emílio Ribas - Säo Paulo, Brasil, receberam anfotericina B (AMB) - grupo III ou a associaçäo AMB/5 fluorcitosina (5FC): grupos I e II. Testes de Goodman aplicados revelaram: 1. leuco e glicorraquia semelhantes nos três grupos e proteinorraquia inferior a 85 mg/dl após 1,5g/AMB; 2. a coloraçäo pelo método da tinta da China e a cultura para Cryptococcus neoformans, positiva até 1,0g/AMB; 3. hipocalemia na monoterapia, hipo e hipercalemia durante a associaçäo; 4. as reaçöes adversas mais evidentes a > 0,7g AMB/250g 5FC; 5. óbitos (precoce e tardio) frequentes no grupo I e nos grupos I e II entre 2,5 a 4,0g de AMB; 6. remissäo e morte semelhantes nos grupos. A associaçäo terapêutica inicial e a manutençäo pelo AMB conduziram à recaída tardia

Achados neuropatológicos na síndrome da imunodeficiência adquirida (SIDA): revisäo de 138 casos / Neuropathological findings in the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS): review of 138 cases

Com o objetivo de determinar a incidência das diferentes afecçöes que podem atingir o Sistema Nervoso Central (SNC) na Síndrome da Imunodeficiência Adquirida (SIDA) realizou-se um estudo reetrospectivo através de necrópsias realizadas no hospital de Clínicas de Porto alegre. Para tanto, foram examinadas 138 necrópsias de pacientes portadores de SIDA que haviam morrido entre janeiro de 1985 e dezembro de 1990. Todos os cérebros foram analisados macroscópica e microscópicamente através da hematoxilina-eosina e, quando necessário, coloraçöes, especiais como Grocott, PAS, Giemsa e Ziehl-Nielsen, foram empregadas. As principais lesöes encontradas foram: toxoplasmose cerebral em 29 casos (21 por cento); criptococose em 17 (12 por cento); tuberculose em dois (1 por cento e um (0,7 por cento) de candidíase. Além destas lesöes inflamatórias foram observados 15 casos (10 por cento) com lesöes vasculares; oito (6 por cento) com gliose e sete (5 por cento) com achados sugestivos de encefalopatia pelo HIV. Podemos concluir que o SNC é um dos principais órgäos-alvo da SIDA e que a toxoplasmose cerebral é a principal forma de acometimento do SNC nestes pacientes

Epidemiologic aspect of central neurologic congenitalis malformations

On 12.264 total number of birth occured during the year 1989 at the NCMB, 70 cases related to neurologic abnormalities were reported in new born babies, which represent 5.7% of the total count. Hydroencephalia and spina bifida are the main origin of the malformation: 1.46% of the total. Normal delivery is the common rule [85%], but it generates only 44% of alive new born babies: 35.18% of them are born prematurely. The predominancy of females [65%] didn't find an objective explanation. At least, the decrease of the described pathology in winter time remains the real dilema